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Question and Answers about text styles in AutoCAD - Day 9

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Q1: What is the purpose of text styles in AutoCAD?
Ans: Text styles in AutoCAD define the formatting and properties of text, including font, height, width factor, and other characteristics.

Q2: How can you create a new text style in AutoCAD?
Ans: To create a new text style, you can use the STYLE command or the Text Style dialog box, where you can define the desired properties and save it as a new style.

Q3: How do you modify an existing text style in AutoCAD?
Ans: You can modify an existing text style by using the STYLE command, selecting the style you want to modify, and then adjusting its properties such as font, height, or width factor.

Q4: What is multiline text in AutoCAD?
Ans: Multiline text in AutoCAD allows you to create paragraphs or multiple lines of text within a single text object, providing better control over formatting and layout.

Q5: How do you create multiline text in AutoCAD?
Ans: To create multiline text, use the MTEXT command or the Multiline Text Editor, where you can enter and format text with line breaks, alignment, indentation, and other formatting options.

Q6: Can you change the text height of multiline text after it is created?
Ans: Yes, you can change the text height of multiline text by selecting the text object, accessing the Properties palette, and adjusting the desired text height value.

Q7: What is the difference between annotative text and non-annotative text?
Ans: Annotative text in AutoCAD automatically scales based on the annotation scale of the viewport, ensuring consistent text size across different scales. Non-annotative text maintains a fixed size regardless of the annotation scale.

Q8: How can you align multiline text within a text box?
Ans: To align multiline text within a text box, you can use the Text Align options in the Multiline Text Editor, such as left alignment, center alignment, or right alignment.

Q9: How do you change the font of existing text in AutoCAD?
Ans: To change the font of existing text, select the text object, access the Properties palette, and modify the font properties, or use the Style command to change the text style associated with the text.

Q10: Can you convert multiline text to single-line text in AutoCAD?
Ans: Yes, you can convert multiline text to single-line text by using the Explode command, which breaks the multiline text into individual lines of single-line text.

Q11: What is the definition of a font in AutoCAD?
Ans: In AutoCAD, a font refers to a set of characters with a specific design, style, and size that is used to represent text in drawings. It determines the visual appearance of text objects.

Q12: Which ASME standard provides guidelines for lettering in AutoCAD drawings?
Ans: The ASME Y14.2 standard contains guidelines for lettering in engineering drawings, including specifications for character height, style, and arrangement.

Q13: What does text composition refer to in AutoCAD?
Ans: Text composition in AutoCAD refers to the arrangement and formatting of text elements, including character spacing, line breaks, indentation, and alignment. It involves organizing and structuring text to enhance readability and visual appeal.

Q14: Determine the AutoCAD text height for text to be plotted .188″ high using a half (1:2) scale?
Ans: To determine the AutoCAD text height, multiply the desired plotted height by the reciprocal of the scale factor. In this case, if the plotted height is 0.188" and the scale is 1:2, the text height would be 0.094".

Q15: Determine the AutoCAD text height for text to be plotted .188″ high using a scale of 1/4″ = 1′-0″?
Ans: To determine the AutoCAD text height, divide the desired plotted height by the scale factor. In this case, if the plotted height is 0.188" and the scale is 1/4" = 1'-0", the text height would be 0.75".

Q16: Explain the function of annotative text and give an example?
Ans: Annotative text in AutoCAD is used to automatically adjust its size and appearance based on the drawing's annotation scale. This allows text to maintain consistent readability across different scales. For example, annotative text can be used to label dimensions or notes that need to be legible at various scales.

Q17: What is the relationship between the drawing scale and the annotation scale for annotative text?
Ans: The annotation scale is set independently of the drawing scale. It determines how annotative text appears in relation to the drawing scale. By associating text objects with specific annotation scales, they will automatically adjust their size and appearance based on the chosen scale.

Q18: What is a text style in AutoCAD?
Ans: In AutoCAD, a text style is a collection of text formatting settings, such as font, height, width, oblique angle, and other properties. Text styles can be created and assigned to text objects to ensure consistency and ease of editing throughout a drawing.

Q19: Describe how to create a text style that has the name ROMANS-12_15, uses the romans.shx font, and has a fixed height of .12, a text width of 1.25, and an oblique angle of 15?
Ans: To create a text style with the given attributes, open the Text Style dialog box, click on the "New" button, enter the name "ROMANS-12_15", choose the "romans.shx" font, set the height to 0.12, the width to 1.25, and the oblique angle to 15. Save the text style and it will be available for use in your drawings.

Q20: What are big fonts in AutoCAD?
Ans: Big fonts are a type of text style specifically designed for large-scale drawings. They have increased height and line weight to ensure readability when the drawing is scaled down for plotting.

Q21: When setting text height in the Text Style dialog box, what value do you enter so that you can alter the text height when you create single-line text?
Ans: To enable flexibility in adjusting text height during single-line text creation, you can enter "0" (zero) as the text height value in the Text Style dialog box. This allows you to specify the desired height during text insertion.

Q22: How would you specify text to display vertically on-screen?
Ans: To specify vertical text orientation in AutoCAD, use the "Vertical" option in the Text Style dialog box or set the rotation angle of the text to 90 degrees. The text will be displayed vertically on the screen.

Q23: What does a width factor of .5 do to text compared to the default width factor of 1?
Ans: A width factor of 0.5 compresses the text horizontally, making it narrower compared to the default width factor of 1. This can be used to condense text or fit it within a specific space.

Q24: How can you set a text style current without opening the Text Style dialog box?
Ans: Yes, you can use the "Set Current" option in the Properties palette to quickly set a text style as the current style without opening the Text Style dialog box. Simply select the desired text object and choose the desired text style from the Properties palette.

Q25: What is the command used to create multiline text objects in AutoCAD?
Ans: The MTEXT command is used to create multiline text objects in AutoCAD. It allows you to enter and format multiple lines of text within a single text object.

Q26: How can you change the width of the text editor when using the MTEXT command?
Ans: Yes, the width of the MTEXT editor window can be adjusted by clicking and dragging the right edge of the editor window. This allows for a custom width based on the amount of text being entered or edited.

Q27: What character sequence do you type in the text editor to automatically create the fraction 1/2 with a horizontal fraction bar?
Ans: To create the fraction 1/2 with a horizontal fraction bar in the MTEXT editor, you can type "1\2" (without the quotation marks) and press Enter. The text will be automatically converted to the fraction format.

Q28: In the MTEXT editor, how can you create stacked fractions manually, such as 3/4 or 5/8?
Ans: To draw stacked fractions manually in the MTEXT editor, you can use the forward slash (/) character to separate the numerator and denominator of the fraction. For example, to create 3/4 or 5/8, type "3/4" or "5/8" (without the quotation marks) and press Enter.

Q29: What is the purpose of tracking?
Ans: The tracking feature in AutoCAD allows you to adjust the horizontal spacing between characters in text objects. It can be used to increase or decrease the spacing to achieve desired text formatting and appearance.

Q30: What is the purpose of a background mask?
Ans: A background mask in AutoCAD is a feature that adds a rectangular or rounded rectangle background behind text, helping to improve its visibility and contrast against the drawing elements. It can be applied to individual text objects or as a property of a text style.

Q31: What is the difference between text boundary justification and paragraph alignment?
Ans: Text boundary justification refers to the alignment of text within its text box or boundary, specifying its position in relation to the box edges. Paragraph alignment, on the other hand, determines the horizontal alignment of multiple lines of text within a text object.

Q32: How can you create an automatic numbered list in AutoCAD's MTEXT editor?
Ans: To create an automatic numbered list in the MTEXT editor, place a hyphen (-) or an asterisk (*) at the beginning of each line followed by a space. AutoCAD will automatically generate sequential numbers for each line in the list.

Q33: What is the difference between dynamic columns and static columns in AutoCAD's MTEXT editor?
Ans: Dynamic columns in the MTEXT editor adjust their width automatically based on the content and the width of the editor window. Static columns, on the other hand, have a fixed width that does not change regardless of the content or window size.

Q34: In AutoCAD, from which two file formats can you import text?
Ans: In AutoCAD, you can import text from two file formats: TXT (plain text) and RTF (Rich Text Format). Both formats allow you to import text from external sources into your drawings.

Q35: How can you adjust the width factor of text in AutoCAD?
Ans: To adjust the width factor of text, select the text object, access the Properties palette, and modify the width factor property to increase or decrease the text width proportionally.

Q36: What is the purpose of the "Fit" option in multiline text formatting?
Ans: The "Fit" option in multiline text formatting automatically adjusts the width of the text box to fit the content, ensuring that no text is cut off or extended beyond the defined boundaries.

Q37: How do you create bullet points or numbered lists in multiline text?
Ans: In the Multiline Text Editor, you can use the Bullets and Numbering tools to create bulleted or numbered lists. Simply select the desired text lines and apply the desired formatting.

Q38: Can you apply different text styles within a multiline text object?
Ans: Yes, you can apply different text styles within a multiline text object by using the Text Style options available in the Multiline Text Editor. This allows you to have varying font sizes, styles, or other properties within the same text object.

Q39: What is the purpose of the Background Mask option in multiline text?
Ans: The Background Mask option in multiline text adds a colored background behind the text, making it stand out from the drawing elements and improving its visibility.

Q40: How can you adjust the spacing between lines in multiline text?
Ans: To adjust the spacing between lines in multiline text, access the Properties palette and modify the line spacing property. You can specify a fixed distance or use the "At Least" option to ensure a minimum spacing.

Q41: What is the difference between the "Standard" and "Annotative" text styles in AutoCAD?
Ans: The "Standard" text style is not automatically adjusted based on the annotation scale, while the "Annotative" text style is designed to automatically scale and maintain the desired size relative to the annotation scale.

Q42: Can you change the text color of existing multiline text in AutoCAD?
Ans: Yes, you can change the text color of existing multiline text by selecting the text object, accessing the Properties palette, and modifying the color property.

Q43: How do you align multiline text with other drawing elements?
Ans: To align multiline text with other drawing elements, you can use alignment tools such as the Align command or alignment options available in the Multiline Text Editor to ensure consistent positioning and arrangement.

Q44: What is the purpose of the Text Override feature in AutoCAD?
Ans: The Text Override feature allows you to temporarily override the properties of a text style within a specific text object, allowing for customization without modifying the underlying text style itself.

Q45: How can you create a new text style based on an existing text style in AutoCAD?
Ans: To create a new text style based on an existing one, you can use the New Style button in the Text Style dialog box and select the existing text style as the starting point. Then, modify the desired properties and save it as a new text style.

Q46: What is the purpose of the "Match Properties" tool in AutoCAD's multiline text editor?
Ans: The "Match Properties" tool allows you to match the formatting and properties of one multiline text object to another. This can be useful for maintaining consistency in formatting across different parts of the drawing.

Q47: How do you adjust the line spacing of individual lines within a multiline text object?
Ans: In the Multiline Text Editor, you can use the Line Spacing options to adjust the line spacing of individual lines. Select the desired lines and choose the desired spacing value or use the "At Least" option.

Q48: Can you change the text style of existing multiline text in AutoCAD?
Ans: Yes, you can change the text style of existing multiline text by selecting the text object, accessing the Properties palette, and modifying the text style property to the desired style.

Q49: What is the purpose of the "Columns" option in the multiline text editor?
Ans: The "Columns" option allows you to divide multiline text into multiple columns, which can be useful for creating newspaper-like layouts or arranging text in a more compact format.

Q50: How do you adjust the column widths in multiline text with multiple columns?
Ans: In the Multiline Text Editor, you can adjust the column widths by selecting the column boundaries and dragging them to the desired size. Alternatively, you can specify precise column widths using the Properties palette.

Q51: What is the difference between "Dynamic Columns" and "Static Columns" in multiline text?
Ans: "Dynamic Columns" adjust automatically based on the width of the text box, while "Static Columns" have fixed widths that do not change as the text box is resized.

Q52: How can you create a numbered list within a multiline text object?
Ans: In the Multiline Text Editor, you can use the Numbered List tool to automatically generate a numbered list. Simply select the desired text lines and apply the numbering format.

Q53: Can you apply background color to specific lines within a multiline text object?
Ans: Yes, you can apply background color to specific lines within a multiline text object by selecting the lines and modifying the background color property in the Properties palette.

Q54: How do you adjust the indentation of specific lines within a multiline text object?
Ans: In the Multiline Text Editor, you can use the Indentation options to adjust the indentation of specific lines. Select the desired lines and choose the desired indentation value or use the Increase/Decrease Indent buttons.

Ans: Please note that the answers provided here are based on general knowledge and may vary depending on the specific settings and version of AutoCAD being used.

Q55: How can you change the text height of individual lines within a multiline text object?
Ans: To change the text height of individual lines within a multiline text object, you can use the Text Height option in the Multiline Text Editor. Select the desired lines and specify the desired text height value.

Q56: What is the purpose of the "Background Mask" option in the Properties palette for multiline text?
Ans: The "Background Mask" option in the Properties palette allows you to enable or disable the background mask for multiline text. When enabled, it adds a colored background behind the text, improving its visibility.

Q57: Can you apply different text styles to different paragraphs within a multiline text object?
Ans: Yes, you can apply different text styles to different paragraphs within a multiline text object. Use the Style option in the Multiline Text Editor to select the desired text style for each paragraph.

Q58: How do you adjust the width of columns in a multiline text object with multiple columns?
Ans: In the Multiline Text Editor, you can adjust the width of columns by selecting the column boundaries and dragging them to the desired size. Alternatively, you can specify precise column widths using the Properties palette.

Q59: What is the purpose of the "Column Type" option in the Multiline Text Editor?
Ans: The "Column Type" option in the Multiline Text Editor allows you to choose between Dynamic Columns, which adjust automatically based on the width of the text box, and Static Columns, which have fixed widths.

Q60: How can you create a leader with multiline text in AutoCAD?
Ans: To create a leader with multiline text, you can use the LEADER command and select the desired insertion point. Then, use the Multiline Text Editor to enter the desired text content.

Q61: Can you adjust the spacing between paragraphs in a multiline text object?
Ans: Yes, you can adjust the spacing between paragraphs in a multiline text object by selecting the desired paragraphs and modifying the paragraph spacing options in the Multiline Text Editor.

Q62: What is the purpose of the "Text Justification" option in the Multiline Text Editor?
Ans: The "Text Justification" option in the Multiline Text Editor allows you to specify the alignment of the text within the text box, such as left-aligned, center-aligned, or right-aligned.

Q63: How do you insert special characters or symbols in multiline text?
Ans: In the Multiline Text Editor, you can use the Symbol tool to insert special characters or symbols. Simply place the cursor at the desired location and select the desired symbol from the Symbol dialog box.

Q64: Can you convert multiline text to a single-line text object in AutoCAD?
Ans: Yes, you can convert multiline text to a single-line text object using the TXT2MTXT command. This command converts selected multiline text objects into single-line text objects.

Q65: How can you create a bullet list within a multiline text object?
Ans: To create a bullet list within a multiline text object, you can use the Bullets and Numbering tool in the Multiline Text Editor. Select the desired text lines and apply the bullet formatting.

Q66: What is the purpose of the "Column Flow" option in the Multiline Text Editor?
Ans: The "Column Flow" option in the Multiline Text Editor controls the flow of text between columns. You can choose options such as "Auto Height," which adjusts the column height automatically, or "Fixed Height," which keeps the column height fixed.

Q67: Can you apply different text colors to different lines within a multiline text object?
Ans: Yes, you can apply different text colors to different lines within a multiline text object. Select the desired lines and modify the text color property in the Properties palette.

Q68: How do you adjust the line spacing of the entire multiline text object?
Ans: In the Multiline Text Editor, you can use the Line Spacing options to adjust the line spacing of the entire multiline text object. Choose the desired spacing value or use the "At Least" option.

Q69: What is the purpose of the "Text Fit" option in the Multiline Text Editor?
Ans: The "Text Fit" option in the Multiline Text Editor allows you to control how the text wraps within the text box. You can choose options such as "No Fit," "Best Fit," or "Auto Fit" to adjust the text layout.

Q70: Can you rotate multiline text in AutoCAD?
Ans: Yes, you can rotate multiline text in AutoCAD by selecting the text object and using the ROTATE command. Specify the desired rotation angle or use the reference option to rotate the text based on a reference angle.

Q71: How do you create a numbered list within a multiline text object?
Ans: In the Multiline Text Editor, you can use the Numbered List tool to create a numbered list. Select the desired text lines and apply the numbering format.

Q72: What is the purpose of the "Text Background" option in the Multiline Text Editor?
Ans: The "Text Background" option in the Multiline Text Editor allows you to enable or disable the background color behind the text. When enabled, it adds a colored background to enhance the text visibility.

Q73: How can you adjust the line spacing between paragraphs within a multiline text object?
Ans: In the Multiline Text Editor, you can use the Paragraph Spacing options to adjust the line spacing between paragraphs. Select the desired paragraphs and choose the desired spacing value.

Q74: Can you apply a mask to a specific section of multiline text in AutoCAD?
Ans: Yes, you can apply a mask to a specific section of multiline text in AutoCAD. Select the desired lines and modify the mask properties in the Properties palette, such as the mask color and transparency.

Q75: What are the benefits of using proper text standards in AutoCAD?
Ans: Using proper text standards in AutoCAD ensures consistency and readability in your drawings. It helps maintain a professional appearance, improves communication, and reduces errors or misunderstandings.

Q76: How do you calculate the drawing scale and determine the appropriate text height?
Ans: To calculate the drawing scale, you can divide the drawing's actual size by its desired size on paper. The text height can be determined based on the drawing scale and the desired text size in relation to the drawing's dimensions.

Q77: How can you develop and use text styles in AutoCAD?
Ans: To develop and use text styles in AutoCAD, you can create and customize text styles using the Text Style Manager. Text styles allow you to define various attributes such as font, size, spacing, and alignment for consistent text formatting.

Q78: What are the advantages of using text styles in AutoCAD?
Ans: Using text styles in AutoCAD provides consistency and efficiency in managing text properties. It allows you to quickly apply predefined text formats to multiple text objects, making it easier to maintain uniformity throughout your drawings.

Q79: How can you create multiline text objects using the MTEXT command?
Ans: To create multiline text objects using the MTEXT command, type MTEXT in the command line, specify the insertion point, and enter the desired text content. You can format the text using various options available in the MTEXT Editor.

Q80: What are the advantages of using multiline text objects in AutoCAD?
Ans: Multiline text objects in AutoCAD allow you to create and format text that spans multiple lines. They provide flexibility in adjusting line breaks, paragraph spacing, and alignment, making it easier to present information in a structured and organized manner.

Q81: How can you modify existing multiline text objects in AutoCAD?
Ans: To modify existing multiline text objects in AutoCAD, select the text object, right-click, and choose the "Properties" option. In the Properties palette, you can make changes to various text properties such as font, height, alignment, and formatting.

Q82: How do you align multiline text objects with other drawing elements?
Ans: To align multiline text objects with other drawing elements, you can use alignment commands such as ALIGN or the justification options available in the Properties palette. These tools allow you to position and align text objects precisely.

Q83: What are some best practices for using multiline text in AutoCAD?
Ans: Some best practices for using multiline text in AutoCAD include maintaining consistent text formatting throughout the drawing, using appropriate text styles and heights, organizing text content with line breaks and paragraphs, and ensuring proper alignment with other drawing elements.

Q84: How can you control the appearance and visibility of multiline text in AutoCAD?
Ans: You can control the appearance and visibility of multiline text in AutoCAD by adjusting properties such as color, background mask, text justification, line spacing, and column formatting. These options allow you to customize the text display to suit your drawing requirements.

Q85: What are some common text standards that should be followed in AutoCAD drawings?
Ans: Some common text standards in AutoCAD include using a consistent font type, size, and style, maintaining proper spacing and alignment, avoiding excessive use of uppercase letters, and ensuring legibility by choosing appropriate text colors.

Q86: How can you set the text height in AutoCAD based on a specific scale factor?
Ans: To set the text height in AutoCAD based on a specific scale factor, you can multiply the desired text height by the scale factor. For example, if the desired text height is 0.1 units and the scale factor is 10, the resulting text height would be 1 unit.

Q87: What is the purpose of developing text styles in AutoCAD?
Ans: Developing text styles in AutoCAD allows you to create predefined text formats that can be easily applied to multiple text objects. It saves time and ensures consistency in text formatting across drawings.

Q88: How can you modify an existing text style in AutoCAD?
Ans: To modify an existing text style in AutoCAD, open the Text Style Manager, select the desired text style, and make changes to the font, height, spacing, or other properties as needed. The modifications will be applied to all text objects using that style.

Q89: How do you create a new text style in AutoCAD?
Ans: To create a new text style in AutoCAD, open the Text Style Manager, click on the "New" button, enter a name for the new style, and specify the desired font, height, and other properties. Save the new style and it will be available for use in your drawings.

Q90: What are the advantages of using the MTEXT command for creating multiline text objects?
Ans: The MTEXT command in AutoCAD provides more advanced formatting options for multiline text, including paragraph formatting, columns, and bullet/numbered lists. It offers greater control over the layout and appearance of text compared to single-line text objects.

Q91: Can you convert a multiline text object to single-line text in AutoCAD?
Ans: Yes, you can convert a multiline text object to single-line text in AutoCAD. Select the multiline text object, right-click, and choose the "Explode" option. The multiline text will be converted into individual single-line text objects.

Q92: How can you adjust the column width of a multiline text object?
Ans: To adjust the column width of a multiline text object, select the text object, right-click, and choose the "Properties" option. In the Properties palette, you can modify the column width property to control the width of the text columns.

Q93: What is the maximum number of columns that can be used in a multiline text object?
Ans: The maximum number of columns that can be used in a multiline text object in AutoCAD is 50. However, it is important to consider the available space and readability when using multiple columns.

Q94: How can you add line breaks within a multiline text object?
Ans: To add line breaks within a multiline text object, press the Enter key at the desired locations to start a new line. You can also use the "Wrap Text" option in the MTEXT Editor to automatically wrap long lines of text. 

Q95: Explain the function and purpose of fields?
Ans: Fields in AutoCAD are dynamic elements that display information such as file names, dates, and object properties. They allow you to automatically update information in your drawing, ensuring accuracy and efficiency.

Q96: What is different about the default on-screen display of fields compared to that of text?
Ans: The default on-screen display of fields appears as a gray background with placeholder text, while regular text appears as black text on a white background.

Q97: How can you access the Field Update Settings dialog box?
Ans: You can access the Field Update Settings dialog box by right-clicking on a field and selecting "Update Field" or by using the FIELD command and choosing the "Settings" option.

Q98: Explain how to convert a field to text?
Ans: To convert a field to text, select the field and right-click. From the context menu, choose "Convert to Text" or use the EXPLODEFIELD command. This will convert the dynamic field into static text.

Q99: What is a quick way to check your spelling within a current text editor?
Ans: A quick way to check spelling within a text editor is to use the "Check Spelling" feature. You can access it by right-clicking within the text editor and selecting "Check Spelling" or by using the SPELL command.

Q100: How do you change the current word in the Check Spelling dialog box if the correct spelling is not displayed in the Suggestions: text box or the list of suggested words?
Ans: If the correct spelling is not displayed in the suggestions, you can manually type the correct spelling in the "Change To:" text box and click the "Change" or "Change All" button to replace the incorrect word.

Q101: Identify two ways to access the Check Spelling dialog box?
Ans: Two ways to access the Check Spelling dialog box are by right-clicking within a text editor and selecting "Check Spelling" or by using the SPELL command.

Q102: How do you change the main dictionary for use in the Check Spelling dialog box?
Ans: To change the main dictionary for the Check Spelling dialog box, go to the "Settings" option within the dialog box. From there, you can select a different dictionary file to use.

Q103: Why might you want to create more than one custom dictionary?
Ans: Creating multiple custom dictionaries allows you to have different sets of words for different projects or disciplines. It helps to maintain separate dictionaries for specialized terminology or company-specific terms.

Q104: What happens if you double-click on multiline text?
Ans: Double-clicking on multiline text opens the multiline text editor, allowing you to edit the contents of the text. It provides a convenient way to make changes to the text without having to use separate commands.

Q105: Describe how to find and replace text when an mtext or single-line text editor is open?
Ans: When the mtext or single-line text editor is open, you can use the FIND or FINDREPLACE command to search for specific text strings and replace them with different text. The editor provides options to find and replace text within the current text.

Q106: Name the command that allows you to find text and replace it with different text without activating a text editor?

Ans: The command that allows you to find text and replace it without activating a text editor is the FINDREPLACE command. It allows you to search for specific text strings in the entire drawing and replace them with different text.

Q107: When using the SCALETEXT command, which base point option would you select to scale a text object using the current justification setting of the text as the base point?
Ans: When using the SCALETEXT command, you would select the "Current" option for the base point. This will scale the text object while maintaining its current justification setting as the reference point.

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Ex. No :                                                                              Date : LAP JOINT Aim To join the given two work pieces as a lap joint by arc welding. Material used Mild Steel plates. Tools required Welding power supply  Flat file Welding rod Chipping hammer Electrode holder Wire brush Gloves and apron Earthing clamps Shield and goggles Procedure The given workpieces are thoroughly cleaned, i.e. rust, scales are removed and the  edges are filed. The electrode is held in an electrode holder and ground clamp is clamped to the  welding plates and the power is supplied. The workpieces are positioned on the table to form a “Lab joint”. The tag weld is done on the both the ends of joining plates to avoid the movement of  workpieces during welding. The welding is carried throughout the length of the workpieces on both sides by  maintaining 3mm gap between plates and the welding rod. The welded plates are allowed f

Coordinate systems in AutoCAD

World Coordinate System (WCS), User Coordinate System (UCS). There is 4 AutoCAD coordinates system you should know. Absolute coordinate system , Relative Rectangular coordinate system, Relative Polar coordinate system and Interactive system(Direct coordinate system). Absolute Coordinate system: Absolute Coordinates uses the Cartesian System to specify a position in the X, Y, and (if needed) Z axes to locate a point from the 0-X, 0-Y, and 0-Z (0,0,0) point. To locate a point using the Absolute Coordinate system, type the X-value, Y-value, and, if needed, the Z-value separated by commas (with no spaces). Syn: Enter LINE command: L [Enter] Start line at point A: 0,0 [Enter] End first line at point B: 2,2 [Enter] End of second line at point C: 2,3 [Enter] Examples shown bellow. Relative Rectangular Coordinate system: After first points entered, your next points can be entered by specifying the next coordinate compare/relative f

Drill Press Parts Diagram and Their Functions

Drill press is one of the best tools that are used to provide efficient services to the people. Unlike hand drill, the orientation and the location of the holes are considered accurately. All the functions and the features of the drill press are performed well, if all the parts of the tools are in the right condition and working properly. Drill press parts diagram better explain the functions performed as every part of the drill press has a unique and separate function. The parts of the drill press include head, sleeve, spindle, column, table and base. Following are some of the parts of the drill press along with their functions: Head The head part of the drill press houses the spindle as it is attached at the top region of the spindle. It is responsible for the spindle movement because the spindle can only move upward or downward. Spindle Spindle is the most important part of the drill press that is used to hold the tool and is responsible for its rotation. The spindle of t

MOULD WITH SPLIT PATTERN

Ex. No :                                                                                       Date : MOULD WITH SPLIT PATTERN Aim To make the mould for the given split pattern. Material required •  Moulding board •  Riser pin •  Moulding box •  Sprue pin •  Green sand •  Rammer •  Trowel •  Lifter •  Riddle •  Draw spike •  Gate cutter  •  Bellow •  Vent rod  Procedure 1. Place the moulding board on a horizontal surface. 2. The drag box is placed above the moulding board. Now one piece      of pattern is kept at  center of the drag as shown in figure. 3. The parting sand is spread before we keep the pattern. 4. Facing sand is sprinkled over the pattern to a depth of 2mm. then      greensand is filled  over it. 5. Proper ramming is done on the green sand to get a air free                  packing. 6. Excess sand is remove with strike off bar. 7. The drag is inverted upside down. 8. The cope box is place over the drag box. 9.

Boring operation on lathe machine

Ex. No :                                                                                                         Date : BORING Aim To perform boring on a cylindrical work piece. Material used Mild steel rod. Tools required Lathe Three-jaw chuck Chuck key Vernier caliper Cutting tools Procedure First loosen the jaw in the chuck key to position the work piece, and then tighten the  jaws. Fix the cutting tool in the toolpost. Switch on the lathe and move the carriage near to the workpiece. Give it a small cross  feed, and then move carriage longitudinally to the required length slowly. Bring the carriage to the original position, give a small cross feed and move carriage  longitudinally. Repeat this step until required diameter is obtained. To get smooth surface give a very small feed when the diameter is nearing the  required value. The drill bit is fixed in the tail stock. The hole is made by moving the tailstock through over the bed.

Lathe machine introduction

STUDY OF LATHE Aim To study about the lathe . Introduction                        Lathe is called the father of machine tools. The main function of lathe is to remove  metals from work piece to give a required shape and size. In the lathe the work piece is held in a chuck. The tool is moved at an angle 90_ to the axis. Various operations such as straight turning, taper turning, and chamfering, facing, knurling, grooving, thread cutting, taper turning are carried out. When the operations above set are done automatically, then the lathe is called automatic lathe. Working principle of lathe                       In a lathe, the workpiece is held in chuck and rotates about its axis by means of power. A  single point cutting tool is mounted in tool post. When the chuck rotated the work piece also rotated. The tool moves parallel to the axis of rotation of work piece to produce a cylindrical surface, where as the tool moves perpendicular to the work piece to pro

TIN SMITHY & Sheet metal

TIN SMITHY Introduction : Many engineering and house articles such as boxes, cans, funnels, ducts etc. are made from a flat sheet of metal. The process being known as tin smithy. For this the development of the article is first drawn on the sheet metal, then cut and folded, to form the required shape of the article. Allowance should be given in the drawing stage for folding and bending. This allowance depends upon the radius of the bend and thickness of the sheet metal. Sheet Metal Materials : A variety of metals are used in a sheet metal shop such as galvanized Iron, black, Iron, tin, Stainless Steel, copper and Aluminium. Hand Tools : The common hand tools used in sheet metal work are steel, try square, Wire gauge, Scriber, Ball peen hammer, Nylon Mallet, Snips Divider, Stakes, Cutting plier and Soldering Iron. Here, the details of tools that are being equipped by our workshop purpose only are presented. Wire Gauge: The thickness of sheet is referred in numbers known

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