Carpentry introduction

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Carpentry

Introduction:

              Carpentry may be defined as the process of making wooden components. It deals with the building work, furniture, cabinet making etc. Jointly, i.e., Preparation of joints is one of the important operations in all wood works. It deals with making joints for a variety of applications viz, door frames, window frames, wardrobes, cupboards, stairs etc. In this chapter tools and works associated with joinery are presented.

Carpentry Material – Timber:

Timber is the basic material used for any class of carpentry work. The term timber is applied to the wood obtained from; well-grown trees. The trees are cut, sawn into various sizes to suit the required purpose.

Common Varieties of Indian Timber:

Indian timbers most commonly used for various carpentry words are as follows: Babul, Deodar, Mahogany, Mango, Sal, Sissy and teak. 

Carpentry Tools:

Carpentry tools are used to produce components to an exact size (processing the wood). The types of carpentry tools are as follows.
1. Marking tools

2.Measuring tools

3. Holding tools
4. Cutting tools

5.Planning tools

6.Boring tools
7. Striking tools

8.Miscellaneous tools

Marking and Measuring Tools:

Steel Rule: It is strip of steel with graduations on its edges and is used for measuring and setting out dimensions.

Try Square: Try squares are used for marking and testing of right angles and for testing flatness of surface.

Marking Gauge: It is a tool which has one projected marking pin and is used to mark accurate lines parallel to the true edge of a wooden piece.

Holding Tools:

Carpenter’s Vice: It is used for holding the work for planning, sawing and chiseling. The whole vice is made of iron and steel. It has two jaws one of which is fixed to the side of the table while the other is movable.

C-Clamp: It is used for holding the work projecting above the top surface of the Bench. This is used to prevent the wood from moving forward when being planned. 

Bench Stop: It is simply a block of wood projecting above the top surface of the bench. This is used to prevent the wood from moving forward when being planed.

Cutting Tools:

Wooden Jack Plane: It consists of wooden body in which blade is set at an angle of 45 degrees to the body or sole. The cutting blade used is made of high carbon steel and is very similar to a chisel. Jack Plane is a general purpose plane and is used to produce flat and smooth surfaces on wood.

Hand or Cross-cut Saw: It is used to cut across the grains of the stock or thick wood. The teeth are set alternately to the right and left of the blade, and its purpose is to make the cut wider than the thickness of the blade. This allows the blade to move freely in the cut, without sticking. Her teeth are set at 2.5 mm apart.

Tenon Saw or Back Saw : This saw is mostly used for cross cutting when a finer and more accurate finish is required. The teeth are shaped in the form of an equilateral triangle and generally have 13 teeth for 25 mm length.

Firmer Chisel or Straight Edge Chisel : It is a general-purpose chisel and is used for cutting and shaping wood accurately. The width of the blade varies from 1.5 to 50 mm.

Adze: Adze is a side axe used to chop extra wood quickly by carpenters. Adze with very long handle is used to plane long palm tree barks in standing position and also used as a hammer.

Miscellaneous Tools:
Pincer: It is made of steel with a hinged joint and is used for pulling out small nails from wood. Claw Hammer : It is a dual-purpose hammer. It has a hammer face, which is used to drive in nails and claw at the other end for pulling out mails from the wood.

Wood Rasp File: It is a finishing tool used to make the wood surface smooth, remove the sharp edges and other interior surfaces. Sharp cutting teeth are provided on its surface. This file is exclusively used in woodwork.